what?
Spock 框架是一个基于groovy语法的测试框架，由于使用groovy，所以使用起来比junit更加灵活，测试用例的写法更加简单、通熟易懂，可利用mock多场景数据测试项目代码，保证代码质量。
Spock与Junit对比
| Spock | JUnit | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| setup() | @Before | 在每个case执行之前都会run |
| cleanup() | @After | 在每个case执行完之后都会run |
| setupSpec() | @BeforeClass | 所有test方法执行之前执行 |
| cleanupSpec() | @AfterClass | 在所有test方法执行完之后执行，比如:连接关闭，资源回收等操作 |
how?
1. 添加groovy和Spock依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.Spockframework</groupId>
<artifactId>Spock-core</artifactId>
<version>1.3-groovy-2.4</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--与 spring 集成-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.Spockframework</groupId>
<artifactId>Spock-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.3-groovy-2.4</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.groovy</groupId>
<artifactId>groovy-all</artifactId>
<version>2.4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
2. 测试类继承 Specification
class BaseTest extends Specification {
...
}
3. 常用基本用法
- assert
def "expect 断言() {
expect:
sum(1, 1) == 2
}
- setup
def "setup given 启动测试"() {
//也可以用given代替
setup:
def name = "test"
println name // 打印
}
- when and then
def "when then 配合使用，when赋值，then对结果进行判断"() {
when:
def a = 20+1
then:
a > 20
}
- thrown
def "thrown()抛出异常"() {
when:
throw new NullPointerException()
then:
def e = thrown(Exception)
e instanceof NullPointerException
}
- where
def "where"() {
expect:
Math.max(a, b) == c
where:
// 入参||结果
a | b || c //多场景测试，类似于junit Parameterized用法
1 | 3 || 3
23 | 11 || 23
}
def "<< where"() {
expect:
Math.max(a, b) == expected
where:
a << [66, 1, 11] // 多场景测试用例
b << [11, 2, 11]
expected << [66, 2, 11]
}
def "expect where"() {
expect:
Math.min(a, b) == c
where:
a | _ //_ 占位符
1 | _
2 | _
b << [2, 1]
c = a < b ? a : b
}
- Mock
def "Mock"() {
given:
def personA = [getName: { "Tom" }] as Person // 类型转换
Person personB = Mock(Person.class) // 制造假数据
personB.getName() >> "Jam" // mock方法的返回值
println personA.getName()
println personB.getName()
}
def "<< 可以向集合中添加元素"() {
given:
List<Integer> list = []
list << 2
println list[-1] //获取倒数第一个元素
}
def ">>"() {
given:
def teacher = Mock(Teacher.class)
def student = new Student(id: 1, name: "jams", age: 21, teacher: teacher)
student.getStudents(_ as String) >> ["1000"]//若不需要关注如参，可用占位符
teacher.getName() >> "Tom"
when:
def name = student.getTeacherName()
then:
name == expectName
where:
rst | expectName
["1000"] | "Tom"
}
junit单元测试可参考http://whvixd.com/2019/10/13/junit4/
groovy基本语法可参考http://whvixd.com/2019/04/08/Groovy/
